輸電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)塔(ta)是支持(chi)高壓或超(chao)高壓架(jia)空送(song)電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)的導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)避雷線(xian)(xian)(xian)的構(gou)筑物。類(lei)型(xing)根(gen)據在線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)上的位置、作用及(ji)受力(li)情(qing)況分類(lei),還可根(gen)據不同的電(dian)壓等級、線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)數(shu)、導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)及(ji)避雷線(xian)(xian)(xian)的布置方式、材料及(ji)結構(gou)形式來確定(ding)塔(ta)的名(ming)稱，例如(ru)： 220 千伏單回(hui)路(lu)(lu)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)水平排列(lie)的門型(xing)耐(nai)張(zhang)跨越塔(ta)。

  常見的(de)懸垂型塔(ta)(ta)(ta)或(huo)(huo)耐張型塔(ta)(ta)(ta)，崖門(men)大跨越鋼管塔(ta)(ta)(ta)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)和檔距須(xu)滿足電路(lu)要求：導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與地(di)而、建筑物、樹木、鐵路(lu)、公路(lu)、河流(liu)以及其(qi)他架空線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)之(zhi)間，導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與一導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與避雷線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)間，均應保持必要的(de)最小安全距離。避雷線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)對(dui)廿線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)保護角及使(shi)用(yong)雙(shuang)避雷線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)時兩根避雷線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)間的(de)水(shui)平最小距離應滿足有關(guan)規定。荷(he)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)輸(shu)電線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)主要承受風荷(he)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)、冰荷(he)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)、線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)拉力、恒荷(he)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)、安裝(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)檢修時的(de)人員(yuan)及工具秉以及斷(duan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、地(di)震(zhen)作用(yong)等(deng)荷(he)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)。設計時應考慮(lv)這些(xie)荷(he)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)在不同氣(qi)象條(tiao)件下的(de)合理(li)組合，恒荷(he)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)包(bao)括塔(ta)(ta)(ta)、線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、金(jin)具、絕緣了的(de)重量(liang)及線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)角度合力、順線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)不平衡(heng)張力等(deng)。斷(duan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)荷(he)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)在考慮(lv)斷(duan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)根數（一般不考慮(lv)同時斷(duan)導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)及避雷線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)）、斷(duan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)張力的(de)大小及斷(duan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)時的(de)氣(qi)象條(tiao)件等(deng)方而，各國(guo)均有不同的(de)規定。